Crypto-backed loans let you get cash or stablecoins without giving up your crypto.
You lock up $BTC, $ETH, or another asset as collateral, borrow stablecoins or cash against it, and still get to ride the upside if prices climb.
Simple enough, right?
But the confusing part is choosing where to do it.
Some platforms are built for Bitcoin holders, while some are better for Ether or altcoins.
Some only lend stablecoins, while some will give you cash straight to your bank account.
In this article, I'll help you find the crypto borrowing platform that suits you best.
How to Borrow Against Crypto
Borrowing against crypto is actually pretty straightforward once you see how it works:
- First, pick a crypto loan platform that accepts the asset you want to use as collateral.
- Deposit your $BTC, $ETH, or whatever asset you’re using.
- Decide how much you want to borrow. It’s usually smart to stay well below the max LTV to give yourself some breathing room.
- Get your funds, either as cash, $USDC, or another stablecoin.
- Keep an eye on your LTV and make sure you repay before things get close to liquidation territory.
One nice thing is that most platforms don’t care about your credit score. Instead, your crypto itself is what backs the loan.
Find Your Best Platform In 30 Seconds
| If this sounds like you... | …Then use THIS platform: |
|---|---|
| I want the safest, easiest option | Ledn |
| I already use Coinbase | Coinbase Borrow |
| I own lots of different coins | Nexo |
| I want DeFi, not a company | Aave |
| I want the most flexibility | Morpho |
| I want DeFi simplicity | Rocko |
| I want the lowest stablecoin rates | Spark |
| I want a large crypto-backed cash loan | Figure |
Not Sure? Start Here
Holding mostly Bitcoin? See the best ways to borrow against $BTC.
Holding Ethereum instead? Compare your options to borrow against $ETH.
Our Milk Road Pick: Ledn
If I was a first-time borrower with $50k in $BTC and needed $20k for 6-12 months, I’d go with Ledn.
Ledn takes safety and simplicity seriously, so you can sleep at night knowing your collateral is as safe as possible.
Ledn keeps your Bitcoin in custody rather than re-lending it, lets you verify it’s there, and limits your loan-to-value ratio to handle up to a 37% $BTC drop without needing more collateral.
Why Borrow with Ledn?
- Cash straight to your bank, including local fiat
- Your collateral isn’t re-lent
- $11B+ loaned, with zero client losses
- Regular, verified Proof-of-Reserves
- B2X tool to double $BTC exposure (advanced)
Best Crypto Loan Platforms by Borrower Type
Not every crypto loan platform is built for the same kind of borrower.
Some are great if you just want a simple Bitcoin-backed cash loan, while others are better for altcoins, DeFi, or chasing cheaper stablecoin rates.
Here’s who each platform is actually good for, and who should probably give it a miss:
1. Ledn: Best for First-Time Borrowers
Pick Ledn if you’re taking out your first crypto-backed loan, or just want the most stress-free loan experience.

Ledn is built for Bitcoin holders who want cash or $USDC without unnecessary steps or babysitting a loan full-time.
Get cash straight to your bank, a healthy buffer if $BTC drops, and they don’t re-lend your collateral.
They publish regular proof-of-reserves and open book reports, and even let you independently verify your coins are always there with on-chain proof.
I can also vouch that their email support is pretty decent – they personally got back to me same-day, within hours.
They permit a maximum loan-to-value (LTV) ratio of 50%, which means you can borrow up to half of your collateral’s value – more on that a bit later!
Since launching in 2018, it’s processed over $11 billion in Bitcoin-backed loans without any client losses.
The Catch: It’s $BTC-only and 12-month fixed terms here – if you’re looking to borrow against altcoins or for a longer time, I’d recommend Nexo instead.
Why Borrow With Ledn?
- Most peace of mind for first-time borrowers.
- Get cash right into your bank account.
- Your collateral is never lent out to generate interest.
- Verify they have your $BTC at any time + regular proof of reserves reports.
- $11B+ loaned, zero client losses since 2018.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CeFi | $BTC only | USD, $USDC, other fiat | 12-month fixed term | 9.25–11.49% | 50% | 2% (waived in US/Canada) |
2. Nexo: Best for Borrowing Against Altcoins
Pick Nexo if you want to borrow against a wide range of altcoins, including $XRP, $BNB, and $ADA.

Nexo has the widest collateral support for almost any loan platform.
It supports more than 100 tokens as collateral, including L1 chain assets like $XRP, $BNB, $ADA, and others that very few loan platforms handle.
The cool thing about Nexo is that you don’t have to borrow against just one asset – you can roll multiple assets into one flexible credit line.
You can borrow, repay, and borrow again without applying for a brand-new fixed-term loan every time.
That flexibility is useful, but it also means rates, LTV limits, and your account setup can get more complicated than a simple $BTC-only loan.
The Catch: Their best rates depend heavily on $NEXO holdings, and they may re-lend your collateral – so if you’d prefer knowing your coins are staying in one place, go with Ledn instead.
Why Borrow With Nexo?
- Borrow against assets that most other platforms don’t support, like $XRP.
- Instant approval with no credit checks, funds typically available within 24 hours.
- Flexible credit line with no set repayment schedule.
- Repay your loan with fiat, crypto, or a combination.
- Super low borrowing rates if you hold a lot of $NEXO.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CeFi | 100+ assets, many chains | USD, $USDC, $USDT, other fiat | Unlimited | 1.9-17.9% | 50% | None |
3. Coinbase Borrow: Best for Existing Coinbase Users
Pick Coinbase borrow if you want a crypto-backed loan without leaving Coinbase or learning DeFi.

Coinbase Borrow lets you borrow $USDC against your Bitcoin all within Coinbase exchange.
That being said, it’s actually powered by DeFi under the hood, using Morpho’s onchain lending protocol.
That means you get DeFi’s typically lower rates, without having to deal with the complicated stuff yourself. Coinbase handles it behind the scenes while you use its familiar, easy-to-use app.
Your $BTC automatically wrapped as $cbBTC and held safely in a Morpho smart contract.
The Catch: You get $USDC, not cash. If you want USD in your bank you’ll have to sell and withdraw it manually.
Personally, I think this is still much easier than using a DeFi platform outright.
Why Borrow From Coinbase Borrow?
- Borrow $USDC without leaving the Coinbase app.
- Low interest rates (about 6%).
- Coinbase handles the onchain setup for you.
- Easier than using DeFi directly for the first time.
- You can swap the $USDC into fiat inside Coinbase if needed.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hybrid | $BTC only | $USDC | Unlimited | Around 6% | 86% | 1-2% |
4. Aave: Best DeFi Lending Protocol
Pick Aave if you want the tried and tested onchain option across several networks.

If you've spent any time in DeFi, you've almost certainly come across Aave.
There’s no traditional lender reviewing your application, and no company holding your crypto in a standard custodial account.
You connect your own wallet, deposit collateral, and borrow directly through smart contracts.
Interest rates are variable and adjust continuously off supply and demand, so keep in mind that the rate you see today might not be the rate you get tomorrow.
People often use Aave for short-term borrowing or even flash loans (fixed-fee loans that are repaid within seconds) to reduce risk from variable rates.
If you want cash in your bank, you’ll still need to find a fiat gateway to manually sell your borrowed asset for fiat currency.
The catch: Rates can spike quickly if demand increases, so I’d recommend steering clear of Aave if you’re taking out a long-term loan.
Why Borrow From Aave?
- One of the biggest names in DeFi – battle-tested with tons of liquidity.
- Supports assets across several chains, not just Ethereum.
- Large lending pools for popular tokens help keep interest rates low.
- Advanced traders can use flash loans to take advantage of arbitrage opportunities.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeFi | 120+ ERC-20 tokens | Any collateral token | Unlimited | Variable | 84% | None |
5. Rocko: Best for DeFi Simplicity
Pick Rocko if you want the best DeFi rates, but without having to do the DeFi stuff yourself.

Rocko is a hybrid borrowing platform that makes it easy to borrow $USDC against assets such as $WBTC, $ETH, $SOL, and several other tokens.
Rather than jumping between platforms like Aave and Compound, Rocko brings them all under one roof – but the experience is much closer to using a normal borrowing app.
It scans for the best rates across those top protocols and serves them up in one clean, user-friendly interface.
The Catch: Just beware that there can be a 1% to 4% fee on the loan, depending on if you’re using a third party Rocko interface.
Anything over 2% is a little steep, so I’d say double-check your final fee before going ahead.
Why Borrow With Rocko?
- Automatically get the best rate across multiple DeFi protocols.
- Borrow against $BTC, $ETH, $SOL, and other supported tokens.
- No traditional credit check.
- Flexible loan duration with no monthly minimum payments.
- Much easier than manually using several DeFi apps.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hybrid | Select ERC-20 tokens | USD, $USDC | Unlimited | Variable | 85% | 1% |
6. Spark: Best for Cheap Stablecoin Borrowing
Pick Spark if you want cheap stablecoin borrowing, with more stable rates.

Remember Maker, and its stablecoin $DAI?
It was the original stablecoin protocol, and it’s been reborn under new names: Sky Protocol and the $USDS stablecoin.
Spark is the main app that runs on top of Sky Protocol, which makes it easy for users to borrow $USDS, $USDT, and $USDC against specific $BTC and $ETH tokens on Ethereum.
Rates are set by $SKY token governance instead of varying with supply and demand, and are super competitive with rates from 3.25% to 3.90%.
The old Maker Vault system still exists for users who want to mint $DAI directly against collateral. But SparkLend is now the simpler, more common borrowing route.
The catch: I”ve checked Spark out first-hand and there’s only a handful of supported collateral assets – if you need variety, go for Aave instead.
Only a handful of collateral and borrow assets are supported compared to other DeFi loan platforms.
Why Borrow From Spark?
- Built specifically for large-scale stablecoin borrowing.
- Lower and more stable interest rates than other protocols, set by governance.
- Simpler user interface than other DeFi protocols.
- Borrow against multiple collateral $BTC and $ETH-based assets in one click.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeFi | Select ERC-20 tokens | $USDS, $USDC, $USDT | Unlimited | 3.25-3.90% | 80% | None |
7. Morpho: Best for Advanced DeFi Users
Pick Morpho if you’re experienced with DeFi and want more control over your collateral, borrowed asset, and market risk.

Instead of throwing everything into one huge shared pool like Aave, Morpho splits things into separate markets.
Each one has its own collateral token, borrow token, price feed, interest-rate model, and liquidation rules.
That means you get more control over the risk you're taking and the reward you're getting, but also more markets to decide between.
Its main engine, Morpho Blue, powers hundreds (if not thousands) of customizable markets.
Anyone can create a new one too, so you’re not stuck waiting for governance to approve every asset.
The Catch: If you’re not a DeFi pro, or aren’t down to go through several markets for the same asset, I’d use Aave or a different platform instead.
More choice means more research – and not every live market is a good one!
Why Borrow From Morpho?
- More choice over your collateral and borrowing setup.
- Isolated markets, so problems in one market shouldn't automatically affect the rest.
- Anyone can create a market – new asset pairs can show up much faster.
- Available on 11+ networks.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeFi | Any ERC-20 token | Any collateral token | Unlimited | Variable | 86% | None |
8. Figure: Best for Borrowing More Cash Against Less Collateral
Pick Figure if you want to borrow more cash against less crypto.

Figure is a US lender that lets you borrow against $BTC, $ETH, or $SOL without selling it.
You can borrow up to 75% of your crypto’s value, which is more than Ledn or Nexo typically offer. Just keep in mind: borrowing more means less room if your collateral drops. You can always choose a lower LTV if you want a safer buffer.
Loans run for a fixed 12 months, and you can borrow cash or crypto.
Your collateral sits in a segregated MPC wallet through Figure Markets, rather than being held in a standard company wallet. Figure doesn’t re-lend your collateral, so it stays there for the life of the loan.
The catch: Figure gives you your loan directly to your Figure Markets account, rather than your bank. If you want cash straight to the bank, I’d go for Ledn or Nexo instead.
Why Borrow with Figure?
- Borrow up to 75% LTV, depending on the loan option.
- Borrow cash against $BTC, $ETH, or $SOL.
- No traditional credit check.
- Uses an MPC wallet structure for collateral.
- No rehypothecation.
| Platform Type | Collateral | Borrowable Assets | Loan Duration | Interest Rate | Max Crypto LTV | Origination Fee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeFi | $BTC, $ETH, $SOL | USD or $USDC | 12 months | 8.9–12.6% | 75% | 1% |
I Put My Own Ledn Loan Through an FTX Crash-Test
Most crypto loan platforms show you the maximum amount you can borrow.
What they usually don’t show you is what happens when Bitcoin has one of its worst weeks.
So I applied for a $10,000 Ledn loan at its standard 50% maximum starting LTV, and ran the numbers – would it have survived the November 2022 FTX crash, when Bitcoin fell 25% in a week?
Then I compared it with borrowing the same $10,000 on a higher-LTV platform.
My Ledn Loan: $10,000 at 50% LTV
To borrow $10,000 from Ledn at 50% LTV, I’d need to put up at least $20,000 worth of $BTC as collateral.
During the FTX 25% $BTC drop, here’s what would’ve happened:
- My $BTC collateral would've fallen from $20,000 to $15,00.
- My loan balance would've stayed at $10,000.
- My LTV would've risen from 50% to about 67%.
That means:
✅ The loan stayed open.
✅ No forced sale.
✅ No urgent scramble to add more $BTC.
There even still would’ve been room left if $BTC kept falling.
Ledn liquidates at 80% LTV, so this setup would’ve absorbed as much as a 37.5% $BTC drop before liquidation became a risk (ignoring interest and fees).
What If I Borrowed the Same $10,000 at a Higher LTV?
Say I wanted to borrow the same $10,000 on a platform offering up to 70% LTV?
Note: It’s not compulsory to take the whole 70% – but a lot of people don’t know any better.
I only would’ve needec to post about $14,300 of $BTC as collateral, instead of $20,000.
Sounds good at first, right? Less $BTC tied up, for the same amount of money in my account.
But check this out…
After the same 25% FTX drop:
- My collateral would’ve fallen from $14,300 to about $10,725.
- My loan balance would’ve stayed at $10,000.
- My LTV would’ve jumped to a lethal 93%.
That means:
❌ That crossed a 86% LTV liquidation threshold – before $BTC even reaches the bottom of the FTX sell-off.
❌ I would’ve needed to add collateral or repay part of the loan fast.
❌ If I did nothing, some (or in some cases, all) of my $BTC would’ve been sold automatically.
At a 70% starting LTV and an 86% liquidation point, the loan would’ve only survived about an 18.6% $BTC drop before liquidation, (and that’s excluding interest and fees).

What I Took From This
Higher-LTV platforms don’t force you to borrow the maximum – that’s not the problem.
You’re still perfectly fine to borrow $10,000 at 40% or 50% LTV if you want more breathing room.
BUT when you’re new, the biggest number on the screen can look like the sensible number to take.
Well, as we found out above – that’s not always true.
✅ A $10,000 Ledn loan at 50% LTV would’ve survived the FTX crash.
❌ The same $10,000 loan at 70% LTV wouldn’t have.
The platform matters, but the percentage you borrow matters more.
That’s one of the things I liked best about Ledn compared to a lot of other platforms.
It doesn’t even give you the option to dive into a risky LTV loan, so there’s minimal chance of making that newbie mistake.
It keeps you in a healthy range from the get-go.
Crypto Loan Rates, LTVs, and Platform Comparison
| Ledn | Nexo | Coinbase Borrow | Aave | Morpho | Rocko | Spark | Figure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collateral | $BTC | 100+ assets, incl. L1s | $BTC | 120+ ERC-20s | Any ERC-20 | $BTC, $ETH, $SOL + ERC-20s | $BTC + $ETH tokens on Ethereum | $BTC, $ETH, $SOL |
| Borrow Cash? | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Key Feature | No re-lending | 100+ assets | DeFi via Coinbase | Major DeFi protocol | Custom markets | Simple DeFi routing | Stable-rate borrowing | High-LTV cash loans |
| Catch | BTC-only | Complex rates | USDC only | Self-managed | More homework | 1% fee | Fewer assets | Smaller buffer |
| Max Crypto LTV | 50% | 50% $BTC | 75% | Market-based | Market-based | Route-based | Market-based | 75% |
| Liq. LTV | 80% | 83% | 86% | 78%–83% | 77%–86% | Route-based | 82.5% | 85% |
| APR | 9.3%–11.5% | 1.9%–17.9% | Around 6% | Variable | Variable | Variable | 3.3%–3.9% | 8.9%–12.6% |
| Origination Fee | 2%* | None | 1%–2% | None | None | 1% | None | 1% |
| Loan Term | 12 mo. | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open | 12 mo. |
| Launched | 2018 | 2018 | 2025 | 2020 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2018 |
I Applied For A Bitcoin-Backed Loan With Ledn. Here's What Happened.
Test completed: June 2026
I went through Ledn’s loan application process myself, to see what it actually feels like to borrow against Bitcoin on their platform.
Here’s what happened:
Step 1: Creating My Account
Time: A few minutes
Signing up was pretty painless.
Ledn doesn’t throw a million different products at you right away. It moves you through one clear path:
Create account → Verify identity → Deposit $BTC → Apply for loan
It was genuinely hard for me to get lost, even as a new user.
Step 2: Identity Verification
Time: Verified within a few minutes
This felt more like opening a bank account than signing up for a random crypto app.
I had to provide:
- Basic personal details
- Government-issued photo ID
- Proof of address

One thing I liked:
Ledn makes you finish KYC before you can deposit anything.
Some other platforms let you deposit crypto, then surprise you with KYC verification before you can do anything else.
Step 3: Choosing The Loan
I tested the calculator with a $10,000 USD loan.
Ledn instantly showed me:
- That I’d need at least 0.3389 $BTC as collateral (worth $20,000 at the time)
- My starting LTV of 50%
- An APR of 11.49%, including the 2% admin fee (since I’m not in the US or Canada).
The minimum loan is $500, which means you need at least $1,000 worth of $BTC to get started.

The best extra feature: The LTV simulator
My personal favorite feature was the LTV simulator right below, which tells you exactly how healthy your loan will be at any $BTC price after you open it.
This means you can figure out exactly what price your loan would be liquidated at, so you can plan ahead instead of just reacting to the market.

Step 4: Reviewing The Costs
Before I sent any Bitcoin, Ledn showed the full loan summary, including all of the figures I saw in the calculator in the previous step.
That included the APR, admin fee, required collateral, and the loan term.
Good to know:
There weren’t any mystery fees hiding later in the process. All the important numbers were shown up front before I had to commit.
Step 5: Sending Bitcoin
Once I accepted the quote, Ledn generated a Bitcoin deposit address.
From there, it was just a normal $BTC transfer.
The only real waiting time was the Bitcoin network itself – it took just a couple of blocks for my deposit to show up.
My favorite part:
✅ Ledn says your loan collateral is held in custody and not re-lent while the loan’s active. That means you don’t have to worry about some shady third party running off with your funds.
Step 6: Getting Approved And Funded
Once the $BTC landed, the loan moved to funding.
Ledn loans are usually funded within 12 hours after collateral arrives, and they personally told me that the median funding time is just 3.3 hours – pretty darn quick!
Stablecoin loans are funded on the spot, with Milk Road's very own Jonny saying $USDC hit his account within minutes.
Of course, you still have to allow for a bank wire to actually hit your account, so keep that in mind. Weekends or holidays can make things a little slow.
Depending on what you choose:
- Cash goes to your bank account.
- USDC goes to your Ledn account.
Helpful to know:
Obviously even if Ledn processes things quickly, normal bank delays and international wires can still slow down fiat transfers – especially on weekends or holidays.
Step 7: Managing The Loan
The big number to watch is your loan-to-value ratio, or LTV.
This is where using the simulator in Step 3 pays off.
Ledn starts loans at 50% LTV, which is much more conservative than some high-LTV crypto lenders.
If Bitcoin drops:
- At around 70% LTV, you’ll receive a warning that you may need to add more collateral.
- At 80% LTV, Ledn will start liquidating collateral.
I personally liked:
Ledn’s lower starting LTV gives you wayy more breathing room if Bitcoin has a bad month. As we touched on above, your Ledn loan can survive up to a 37% $BTC drop before you need to add more collateral.
Step 8: Repaying The Loan
Ledn loans run for 12 months, but you can repay early if you like.
You can repay using USD, $BTC, $USDC, USA₮, USD₮, or bank transfer, depending on your setup.
There aren’t any monthly interest payments, and no early repayment penalties
Once the loan is repaid, your $BTC is released.
If your LTV is below 65%, you may also be able to renew the loan instead – just beware that this may come with another round of admin fees.
Worth knowing:
You’re not locked into monthly payments, which makes the loan feel more flexible than a normal bank loan.
You can just pay it all back in one go at the end of the loan.
Biggest Takeaway
Instead of trying to do everything at once, Ledn takes one thing and it does it amazingly:
No-headache, low maintenance $BTC-backed loans.

You can’t borrow against 20 different assets, or max out your LTV like on some DeFi platforms.
But that’s also kinda the point.
It’s built for $BTC holders who want a clean, conservative way to borrow cash (or $USDC) without selling their coins.
The Three Ways a Crypto Loan Can Go Wrong: Liquidation, Custody, and DeFi Protocol Risk
Most risks associated with crypto-backed loans really just fall into three buckets:
- Your LTV ratio
- Trusting a company with your collateral
- Trusting code.
Here are three very different ways you can lose your crypto:
1. You Borrow Too Much, Then $BTC Drops
This is the risk most people can actually control.
A 75% LTV loan can look great at first, because you lock up less $BTC for the same cash.
But in reality, it also means a normal crypto sell-off can put you at risk of liquidation fast.
My FTX crash-test showed the difference:
- A $10,000 loan at Ledn’s 50% LTV would have survived Bitcoin’s roughly 25% drop.
- The same $10,000 borrowed at 70% LTV would have crossed liquidation territory before the sell-off was over.
My rule for LTV:
Treat the max LTV as the absolute ceiling, not the default.
2. The Company Goes Wrong Behind the Scenes
This is the risk that wrecked trust in crypto lending after 2022.
Celsius, Voyager, and BlockFi all might’ve failed for different reasons – but in each case, customer crypto was tied up in lending, trading, or counterparties that went bad.

Don’t just check the rate.
Check who holds your crypto, whether you can verify it’s there, whether the company is licensed, and whether it has survived more than one market cycle.
You also want to know how it holds your collateral, whether it re-lends it, who else can get exposure to it, and what happens if the company itself gets into trouble.
This mostly affects centralized and hybrid platforms:
- Ledn: Your $BTC is held with an independent custodian, it isn’t re-lent while your loan is active, and the Proof of Reserves and Open Book reports let you check that your coins are actually there.
- Figure: Your collateral sits in an isolated MPC wallet instead of sole custody, and Figure says it doesn’t re-lend it.
- Nexo: It’s a long-running, licensed platform, but it’s got a bigger lending business in the background, so it may re-lend your collateral.
- Coinbase Borrow: You’re borrowing through a huge, publicly listed company with strong custody and compliance, but also trusting Morpho too.
- Rocko: Rocko keeps the borrowing experience simple, but it’s a newer name with less of a track record. You’re trusting them and multiple DeFi platforms underneath.
My rule for company risk:
Know if your crypto is being held separately from the company, if it’s being re-lent, or if it’s safe from the wider risks of the company behind it.
3. The Code or Market Setup Breaks
DeFi gets rid of the “trust a lender” problem, but it comes with new risks of its own.
Euler lost roughly $197 million in a 2023 exploit. Mango Markets lost more than $110 million after price manipulation.
Those weren’t your traditional cases of lending companies going under. They were failures in smart contract code, market design, or pricing data.
Out of the platforms above, these new risks apply to Aave, Spark, Morpho, Rocko, and Coinbase Borrow.
My rule for DeFi risk:
Check for a long track record, multiple smart-contract audits, and make sure you know how the specific market you’re using works.
My Personal Risk Checklist: What to Check Before You Borrow Against Crypto
Before borrowing, I recommend checking these five things:
- Could $BTC fall 25% without liquidating me?
- Is my collateral re-lent, pooled, or just held?
- Will I get a real warning before liquidation?
- Can I explain exactly where my $BTC goes after I deposit it?
- Could I fix the loan quickly if the market drops overnight?
If you can’t answer all five in simple words, the loan is probably too complicated or too aggressive for you.
Crypto Loans and Taxes: The Part That Can Catch You Out
Taking out a crypto-backed loan isn’t usually taxable on its own.
You haven’t sold your Bitcoin, Ethereum, or whatever else you are holding. You’ve just used it as collateral to borrow cash or stablecoins against it.
That’s what’s so good about crypto-backed loans – you can unlock money without selling your crypto and locking in capital gains.
The tax issue usually only starts when (or if) crypto actually gets sold or swapped.
But what does that look like?
The Tax Trap: A Bitcoin Loan From Start to Liquidation
Here’s a simple example of how a crypto-backed loan can go from “no tax today” to “surprise tax bill later.”
Let’s say you bought 1 $BTC for $20,000.
A few years later, Bitcoin is worth $100,000.
You don’t wanna sell it and trigger tax on the $80,000 gain, so you use it as collateral for a $50,000 loan.
Step 1: You Lock Up Your Bitcoin
You deposit 1 $BTC worth $100,000 as collateral.
✅ Usually no tax yet. You haven’t sold any Bitcoin. You still own it – it’s just getting locked up against the loan.
The DeFi exception: If you’re using a protocol like Aave or Morpho with regular Bitcoin, you’ll usually need to swap it into an Ethereum-friendly version first, like $WBTC, $cbBTC, or $tBTC.
That swap can sometimes count as a taxable crypto-to-crypto sale.
So the loan itself might not trigger tax, but converting your $BTC into the version needed for DeFi collateral could realize a gain or loss before you’ve even borrowed a cent.
Step 2: You Borrow $50,000
The lender sends you $50,000 in cash or stablecoins.
✅ Usually no tax here either. Borrowed money isn’t income – you owe it back.
You can spend that $50,000 without selling your $BTC or locking in the original $80,000 in gains.
Step 3: Bitcoin Pumps, Then Dumps
Bitcoin runs up, then drops hard.
Your loan doesn’t shrink when $BTC falls – you still owe the full $50,000.
At an 80% liquidation LTV, your loan is vulnerable once your 1 $BTC is worth around $62,500.
Step 4: The Lender Sells Your Bitcoin
$BTC hits $62,500 and the lender sells enough collateral to clear the $50,000 loan.
❌ This is where tax can hit.
One of my good friends here at Milk Road told me he had his own loan liquidated this year, and described it as the worst feeling.
Not only do you end up with your collateral sold at potential lows, but getting taxed on that sale adds insult to injury – not fun!
All he needed to do was top up his collateral (or use a lower LTV) to avoid it.
Even though you don’t hit the “sell” button yourself, the lender sells your Bitcoin on your behalf.
For tax purposes, that’s basically the same thing.
You originally paid $20,000 for that $BTC, and the lender sells $50,000 worth of it to repay the loan.
That means you likely have a taxable gain of roughly:
- $BTC sold: $50,000
- Original cost of that portion of the $BTC: $10,000
- Taxable gain: $40,000
So you can get liquidated after a Bitcoin crash and still owe tax on a gain.

Yeah, I know that feels backwards – but the tax system doesn’t compare your liquidation price with Bitcoin’s all-time high.
It compares the sale price with what you originally paid.
Step 5: What Happens to the Rest?
After the lender sells $50,000 worth of $BTC, you might get the remaining $BTC back, depending on the platform’s liquidation rules and fees.
That remaining $BTC isn’t taxed when it’s returned to you – the taxable event was only the portion that got sold.
What If You Repaid Instead?
Now let’s flip the example.
Instead of $BTC diving, let’s imagine it rises to $140,000.
You repay the $50,000 loan with cash, and get your 1 $BTC back.
That means:
✅ No $BTC sale.
✅ No capital gain triggered by repaying the loan.
✅ Your original $20,000 cost basis stays attached to that $BTC.
Now THAT’s the tax appeal of borrowing against your coins instead of selling ‘em.
The Bit People Miss
Borrowing against Bitcoin might delay a taxable sale – but it doesn’t make tax disappear altogether.
If you repay in cash and get your $BTC back, great.
If you sell $BTC to repay, pay fees in $BTC, swap collateral, or get liquidated, tax can come back into the picture real quick.
I highly recommend you keep records of:
- What you paid for the crypto
- How much collateral you deposited
- Any $BTC or $ETH sold for fees or repayments
- The exact amount and price of any liquidation
- What collateral came back to you afterwards.
Crypto tax and accounting software can be a game-changer here.
Loan tax summary: Which loan moments are usually taxed?
| Loan moment | Usually taxable?* |
|---|---|
| Deposit crypto as collateral | No |
| Swap native $BTC for $WBTC, $cbBTC, or another collateral token | ❗️ Check local laws |
| Receive cash or $USDC loan | No |
| Crypto rises or falls while locked | No |
| Repay with cash | No |
| Repay with crypto | ❗️ Yes |
| Pay fees or interest in crypto | ❗️ Yes |
| Sell borrowed $USDC for cash | No |
| Add more crypto collateral | No |
| Get liquidated | ❗️ Yes |
| Get leftover collateral back | No |
| Repay in cash and withdraw your crypto | No |
*Actual taxable events depend on your local tax rules.
The simple rule: borrowing isn’t the taxable bit...selling, swapping, spending, or getting liquidated usually is.
Changing platforms doesn’t change the tax rules, but it can influence how likely you are to run into one of the above situations – usually through how likely it is to be liquidated.
Best Crypto Loan Platforms Summary
The best crypto loan is the one that gives you enough room to survive a market drop.
Ledn is the simplest pick for safety-conscious Bitcoin holders, while Nexo, Coinbase Borrow, and DeFi options like Aave or Morpho suit different assets and experience levels.
Don't just chase the highest LTV.
Borrow conservatively, know where your collateral is held, and make sure you can handle a sudden $BTC dip before taking the loan.
Crypto Loan Frequently Asked Questions
You can use a crypto loan for pretty much anything.
In DeFi, people often borrow to trade or earn yield.
In CeFi, people often borrow USD or stablecoins for everyday spending or cashflow.
Crypto loans come with real risks.
No one’s showing up to break your kneecaps, and your credit score stays untouched – but your collateral is on the line.
If you don’t pay, or if your crypto drops too far, the platform can sell it to cover what you owe.
First, you’ll need some crypto to use as collateral.
If you’re using DeFi, you connect a wallet like MetaMask to a lending app.
If you’re using CeFi, you make an account and deposit your crypto directly with the platform.
Either way, take a bit of time to compare lenders so you know which one suits you best.
Most crypto loans skip credit checks.
Traditional lenders check your credit to see if you’ll pay back – crypto lenders don’t need to.
Your loan is fully backed by your collateral, so they don’t care about your income or credit score.
If you don’t pay, they just sell your crypto to cover it.
Interest rates in DeFi can move minute-to-minute because everything runs on supply and demand.
Platforms look at something called the utilization ratio – basically how much of the lending pool is being borrowed vs. how much is still sitting there.
As the pool fills up or empties out, the rates rise or fall.
Yes. If you or your business has crypto you can use as collateral, you can get a crypto loan for your business.
Discuss the situation with your accountant first, to be sure you’re compliant with IRS rules.
Yes. Each platform sets its own minimum or maximum loan sizes.
On centralized platforms, minimums are often about $1,000, and maximums can go well into the millions.
DeFi crypto loans are usually more flexible compared to centralized crypto loan providers.
With DeFi, you can borrow just a few bucks to buy a taco off the lunch truck.
Most crypto loan platforms don’t require you to personally guarantee your loan.
Your crypto is collateral to secure the loan.
If you don’t pay your loan or the value of your collateral falls, the provider can sell your crypto to pay it off.
Yes, it is possible to get a crypto loan without posting collateral.
This is a more difficult path and is usually only available for institutional borrowers with good credit.
One provider to consider for crypto loans without collateral is Atlendis.
Taking out a loan using your crypto as collateral is often not considered a taxable event because you’re not selling your assets.
That being said, always check your local tax laws first.




